Preheat the oven to 350 F (177 C). Lightly grease and line the bottom and two sides of a 9 x 9 inch (23 cm) cake pan with parchment paper.
In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, brown sugar, granulated sugar and ground cinnamon for the streusel topping. Work in 6 tablespoons melted butter until a sand like texture develops. If needed, add the remaining 2 tablespoons. There will be a few bigger crumbs, but most should be finer, smaller pieces. Place the bowl in the fridge until the coffee cake is ready for topping. 1 cup (120 g) all purpose flour, ½ cup (100 g) light brown sugar, ¼ cup (50 g) granulated sugar, 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon , 6 - 8 tablespoons (85 - 113 g) unsalted butter, melted
Make the apple filling. Peel, core and dice the apples into ½ inch cubes. Add the prepared apple pieces to a large mixing bowl along with light brown sugar, cornstarch and ground cinnamon. Mix all the ingredients together until the apple pieces are fully coated. Set aside for now.
2 cups diced apples, ¾ cup (150 g) light brown sugar, 2 tablespoons cornstarch, 2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
In a medium bowl whisk the all purpose flour, baking powder, baking soda and salt together until well combined.
2 cups (240 g) all purpose flour, 2 teaspoons baking powder, ¼ teaspoon baking soda, ½ teaspoon salt
In a large mixing bowl, cream the butter, sugar and light brown sugars together until light and fluffy. This takes about 2-3 minutes on medium speed. On low, cream in the eggs and vanilla extract until smooth and well combined. Alternating dry ingredients and buttermilk, mix in ⅓ of the dry ingredients into the wet, followed by ½ of the buttermilk. Repeat until all the ingredients are just combined. ½ cup (113 g) unsalted butter, room temperature, ½ cup (100 g) granulated sugar, ½ cup (100 g) light brown sugar, 2 large eggs, room temperature, 2 teaspoons (10 ml) vanilla extract , ¾ cup (180 ml) buttermilk, room temperature
Evenly spread about ⅔ of the coffee cake batter into the prepared pan. Use a slotted spoon or strain the excess juice from the apple filling before topping the cake. Evenly layer all of the apple filling on top of the cake batter. Top the apple filling with the streusel, making sure to break any extra large pieces into smaller pieces.
Bake the coffee cake for 45 - 60 minutes or until a toothpick inserted into the center of the apple coffee cake comes out clean or with a few moist crumbs. Cool the pan in the pan for 15 - 20 minutes. Gently lift the coffee cake out of the pan using the parchment paper. Transfer to a serving plate or serve right from the pan. Top with powdered sugar or a glaze, slice and enjoy.